Sejarah Laser dan Fiber Optik

Timeline

1917 Albert Einstein establishes stimulated emission.
1957 Charles Townes, James Gordon, and Herbert Zeiger develop first maser.
1958 Arthur Schawlow develops working principles of laser.
1958 Schawlow and Townes publish paper on laser.
1960 Theodore Maiman develops first laser action in solid ruby.
1961 First semiconductor laser, Robert Hall.
1960s Charles K. Kao is the first to publicly propose the possibility of a practical application for fiber-optic telecommunication.
1970 Robert Maurer leads a team at Corning who design and produce the first optical fiber.
1974 John MacChesney and colleagues at Bell Labs develop the modified chemical vapor deposition process.
1974 John MacChesney introduces an alternative synthesis process leading to low contamination and precise index of refraction profiles.
1975 First nonexperimental fiber-optic link installed in Dorset (UK) police communication system.
1975 First semiconductor laser operating continuously at room temperature.
1976 Bell Labs field tests multimode fiber-optic system at its Norcross, Georgia plant.
1977 General Telephone and Electronics begins first trial of 6Mbit/s fiber-optic link carrying live telephone traffic in Long Beach, California
1977 Bell system starts testing 45 Mbit/s fiber link in downtown Chicago phone system.
1977 Chicago has the first commercial fiber-optic communications system.
1987 Introduction of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.
1988 TAT-8 fiber-optic cable for telephone service laid